Secular Progressive Alliance
(Redirected from Democratic Progressive Alliance)
Secular Progressive Alliance | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | SPA |
| Chairman | |
| Founder | M. Karunanidhi |
| Founded | April 2006 |
| Preceded by | DMK-led Alliance |
| Ideology | Big tent Factions: Social democracy[1] Secularism[2] Communism[3] Marxism[4] |
| Political position | Centre-left to left-wing |
| ECI Status | Not Required |
| Alliance | INDIA (National) |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 40 / 40 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 12 / 18 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | 157 / 234
(Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) 8 / 33 (Puducherry Legislative Assembly) |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 1 / 31 |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Tamil Nadu |
|---|
 |
Secular Progressive Alliance formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
History[edit]
The alliance was known as the Democratic Progressive Alliance 2006–2009 and 2014–2016. It became the Secular Progressive Alliance in 2019.
Indian general elections[edit]
Tamil Nadu[edit]
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004 | 2004 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, MDMK, CPI(M), CPI, CJP | 39 / 39
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| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 | DMK, INC, VCK, IUML | 27 / 39
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| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu[5] | DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT | 0 / 39
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| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, IJK | 38 / 39
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| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | |||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, INC ,VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, MNM | 39 / 39
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Puducherry[edit]
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Contested by | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 Indian general election | DMK, INC, VCK, IUML | INC | Won |
| DMK-VCK Alliance | ||||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election[6] | DMK, VCK, IUML, MMK, PT | DMK | Lost |
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI | INC | Won |
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | ||||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MNM | INC | Won |
State legislative assembly elections[edit]
Tamil Nadu[edit]
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu) | 163 / 234
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| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, VCK, KMK, MMK, PMK | 31 / 234
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| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2011-2016 | 2016 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, MMK, PT, PMK, TPWP, SSP | 98 / 234
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| Secular Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2016-2021 | 2021 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, PMK, KMDK, AIFB, TVK, MVK, ATP | 159 / 234
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Puducherry[edit]
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, CPI | 20 / 30
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| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, VCK | 9 / 30
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| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2011-2016 | 2016 | INC, DMK | 18 / 30
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| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2016-2021 | 2021 | INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, Independent | 9 / 30
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Members[edit]
Tamil Nadu[edit]
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 132 / 234
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| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 17 / 234
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| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Anti-casteism and Anti-classism | 4 / 234
<div style="background-color: rgb(Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "&"., 0, 0); width: 2%; height: 100%;"> | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | 2 / 234
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| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | 2 / 234
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| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK | Dravidianism | No Seats | |
| Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK | Indigenism | 1 / 234 [a]
<div style="background-color: rgb(Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "&"., 0, 0); width: 0.4%; height: 100%;"> | |
| Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MMK | Social democracy | 2 / 234 [b]
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| Makkal Needhi Maiam | MNM | Social Equality | No Seats | |
| Indian Union Muslim League | IUML | Social Conservatism | No Seats | |
| Aam Aadmi Party | AAP | Populism and Secularism | No Seats | |
| Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi | TVK | Populism | 1 / 234 [c]
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| Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam | MMK | No Seats | ||
| Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party | TNPWP | No Seats | ||
| Manithaneya Jananayaga Katchi | MJK | Social democracy | No Seats | |
| Makkal Viduthalai Katchi | MVK | No Seats | ||
| Aathi Tamizhar Peravai | ATP | Ambedkarism | No Seats | |
| Samathuva Makkal Kazhagam | SMK | No Seats | ||
| Mukkulathor Pulipadai | MP | No Seats | ||
Puducherry[edit]
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 6 / 30
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| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 2 / 30
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| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | No Seats | |
| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | No Seats | |
Withdrawals[edit]
| Political Party | State | Date | Reason for Withdrawal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puratchi Bharatham Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2011 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2014 | Allied with NDA | |
| Social Democratic Party of India | Tamil Nadu | 2015 | Declared to Withdraw from DMK | |
| Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Puthiya Tamilagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with ADMK | |
| Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | 2021 | Allied with NDA | ||
| All India Forward Bloc | Tamil Nadu | 2024 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indian National League | Tamil Nadu | 2024 | Allied with AIADMK | |
The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.
The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences of seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK who offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Governments[edit]
- Fifth Karunanidhi ministry (2006 - 2011)
- Narayanasamy ministry (2016 - 2021)
- M. K. Stalin ministry (2021- incumbent)
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Dravida Munnetra Kazgham (DMK)". Business Standard India. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
- ^ Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-199-97489-4.
- ^ "Party constitution". India: All India Forward Bloc. 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front'". The Economic Times. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ "DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front'". The Economic Times. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.